Variable name	variable abbreviation	Measurement
Legislative duration	duration1	The number of months between the European Commission comes up with a proposal and proposal is adopted into legislation.
Legislative duration 	duration2	The number of months from opinion of European Parliament on the first reading to the legislative procedure ends
Intra-institutional conflict on EU legislative proposal(conflict within the Council)	intraconflict	Whether the proposal only has an A-item on the Council agenda? 1 = yes, 0 = no
Preference homogeneity of member states	aitems	The number of A items mentioned in agenda of Council meetings
Preference heterogeneity of member states  	bitems	The number of B items mentioned in agenda of Council meeting
Preference heterogeneity among interest groups	hetero.int	The interest groups hold divergent preferences: which is calculated as the weighted sum of squared differences between individual actors and the pooled stakeholders
Interest groups support (numbers)	int.sup.num	Number of interest groups mobilized on each issue hold positive opinions towards legislative proposal.
Interest groups opposition (numbers)	int.opp.num	Number of interest groups mobilized on each issue hold negative opinions towards legislative proposal.
Interest groups support (percentage)	int.sup.per	Percentage of interest groups mobilized on each issue hold positive opinions towards legislative proposal.
Interest groups opposition (percentage)	int.opp.per	Percentage of interest groups mobilized on each issue hold negative opinions towards legislative proposal.
Resource-rich groups opposition	rich.opp.per	Percentage of resource-rich groups mobilized on each issue hold negative opinions towards legislative proposal.
Resource-poor groups opposition	poor.oop.per	Percentage of resource-poor groups mobilized on each issue hold negative opinions towards legislative proposal.
Inter-institutional conflicts	interconflict	The number of trilogue meetings held or the length of time the file spends in the EP committee phase
Conflict with the EP	epconflict	Is the act agreed upon unanimously in the responsible EP committee? 0 = yes, 1 = no
Saliency of EU legislative proposals	saliency	Saliency at the national level in the eyes of MEPs: Number of times act is mentioned in plenary/committee debates/written reports in the lower house of the national parliament
Consultation duration	con.duration	Number of days between the date the consultation opened and the deadline for submitting contributions
Legislative complexity	complexity	Number of recitals/articles in proposal
Institutional turnover	turnover	The years of European Parliament elections (May 2014 and May 2019) and Commission appointments (November 2014 (Juncker) and December 2019 (von der Leyen)) (coding 1 for 2014, 2019, 2024).
COVID-19 dummy	covid	The proposals active during the peak pandemic period, which covers the period from March 2020 to December 2021. This timeframe is based on the World Health Organization’s pandemic declaration and the European Commission’s subsequent adaptation of working methods (see COM(2020) 112 on Adjusted Commission Work Programme 2020).
Council presidency	presidency	The size of the Member State holding the presidency (Big vs. Small).      Code 1: If the Member State holding the Presidency on the anchor date is Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, or the UK.Code 0: If the Member State holding the Presidency on the anchor date is any other country.
